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The name kappa is a contraction of the words kawa (river) and wappa, a variant form of 童 warawa (also warabe) "child". Another translation of kappa is "water-sprite". [3] The kappa are also known regionally by at least eighty other names such as kawappa, kawako, kawatarō, gawappa, kōgo, suitengu. [4]
A Japanese chimera with the features of the beasts from the Chinese Zodiac: a rat's head, rabbit ears, ox horns, a horse's mane, a rooster's comb, a sheep's beard, a dragon's neck, a back like that of a boar, a tiger's shoulders and belly, monkey arms, a dog's hindquarters, and a snake's tail.
The cat yokai, for example resembles the Chinese 仙狸 or "leopard cat immortal". Yet others are uniquely Japanese, such as the ambivalent and occasionally cute kappa, [34] the haradashi - a goofy yokai with its belly on its face, [35] and the mumashika, which are comical-looking yokai with horse heads and deer bodies. [36]
A clan of kappa once lived in the Yellow River in China, but migrated to Kuma River. The kappa clan had over nine-thousand members, and was called the Kuzenbo clan, which was also the name of their leader. Katō Kiyomasa recruited the help of local monkeys, which are the enemies of kappa, to defeat the king Kuzenbo and his clan. [1] [2] [3]
According to mythology, it is sometimes said that they are kappa that have come to dwell in the mountains. Yamawaro are known by a number of different, similar terms; in Ashikita District , Kumamoto Prefecture , they are also known as yamawarō, yamamon, yamanto , yaman wakkashi ( 山の若い衆 , "young person of the mountain") and yaman ...
Legend in Japanese art: a description of historical episodes, legendary characters, folk-lore, myths, religious symbolism, illustrated in the arts of old Japan. New York: J. Lane. (1908) Monaghan, Patricia. Encyclopedia of goddesses and heroines. ABC-CLIO. (2010) Ozaki, Yei Theodora. The Japanese fairy book. Archibald Constable & Co. (1903)
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Umibōzu (海坊主) from Bakemono no e (化物之繪, c. 1700), Harry F. Bruning Collection of Japanese Books and Manuscripts, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Harold B. Lee Library, Brigham Young University. Umibōzu (海坊主, "sea priest") is a giant, black, human-like being and is the figure of a yōkai from Japanese folklore.