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Dioscorides’ Materia Medica, c. 1334 copy in Arabic, describes medicinal features of various plants.. Pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs obtained from medicinal plants, animals, fungi, and other natural sources. [1]
Medicinal or pharmaceutical chemistry is a scientific discipline at the intersection of chemistry and pharmacy involved with designing and developing pharmaceutical drugs. Medicinal chemistry involves the identification, synthesis and development of new chemical entities suitable for therapeutic use.
Good documentation practice (recommended to abbreviate as GDocP to distinguish from "good distribution practice" also abbreviated GDP) is a term in the pharmaceutical and medical device industries to describe standards by which documents are created and maintained.
Pharmaceutics deals with the formulation of a pure drug substance into a dosage form.Pure drug substances are usually white crystalline or amorphous powders. Before the advent of medicine as a science, it was common for pharmacists to dispense drugs as is.
Physical pharmacy deals with the science that works on the following aspects which are related to the development of a drug product. [2] Uniformity and precision in dosage for each dosage form. [2] Results of therapeutic effects during the course of the treatment. [2] Physical stability and appeal of the drug. [2]
Pharmaceutical formulation, in pharmaceutics, is the process in which different chemical substances, including the active drug, are combined to produce a final medicinal product. The word formulation is often used in a way that includes dosage form .
The phrase "drug design" is similar to ligand design (i.e., design of a molecule that will bind tightly to its target). [6] Although design techniques for prediction of binding affinity are reasonably successful, there are many other properties, such as bioavailability, metabolic half-life, and side effects, that first must be optimized before a ligand can become a safe and effictive drug.
Validation is a requirement of food, drug and pharmaceutical regulating agencies such as the US FDA and their good manufacturing practices guidelines. Since a wide variety of procedures, processes, and activities need to be validated, the field of validation is divided into a number of subsections including the following: