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An ascus (from Ancient Greek ἀσκός (askós) 'skin bag, wineskin'; pl.: asci) [1] is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division.
These fungi reproduce by fission rather than budding. This subdivision includes almost all ascus fungi that have fruiting bodies visible to the naked eye, except for the genus Neolecta, which belongs to Taphrinomycotina. See the taxobox for a list of the classes that make up the Pezizomycotina.
A unique character of the Ascomycota (but not present in all ascomycetes) is the presence of Woronin bodies on each side of the septa separating the hyphal segments which control the septal pores. If an adjoining hypha is ruptured, the Woronin bodies block the pores to prevent loss of cytoplasm into the ruptured compartment.
Saccharomycotina is a subdivision (subphylum) of the division (phylum) Ascomycota in the kingdom Fungi. [2] [3] It comprises most of the ascomycete yeasts.The members of Saccharomycotina reproduce by budding and they do not produce ascocarps (fruiting bodies).
Ascus (Ancient Greek: Ἄσκος) was a giant from ancient Greek mythology, who in conjunction with Lycurgus of Thrace chained the god Dionysus and threw him into a river. The god Hermes (or, according to other tellings, Zeus ) rescued Dionysus, conquered (ἐδαμασεν) the giant, flayed him, and made a bag (ἄσκος) of his skin.
It is difficult to mention typical morphological characters like fruit body, exiple, hypothecium, hymenium, chemistry, ascospore color and ascospore septation that can be used as uniting traits for delimiting families and genera in the Arthoniales. The reason is that the Arthoniales is an old order and taxa have evolved in parallel for a long ...
The ascus itself forms as a radiating spur branch at the top of the hook. Each nucleus divides, resulting in the formation of a pair of compatible nuclei, i.e. a dikaryon, in the ascus, which is now the penultimate space. Two sister nuclei remain, one in the basal cell and the other in the crozier tip.
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