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  2. Economic surplus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_surplus

    In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either of two related quantities: Consumer surplus , or consumers' surplus , is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the ...

  3. Surplus value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surplus_value

    If capitals that set in motion unequal quantities of living labour produce unequal amounts of surplus-value, this assumes that the level of exploitation of labour, or the rate of surplus-value, is the same, at least to a certain extent, or that the distinctions that exist here are balanced out by real or imaginary (conventional) grounds of ...

  4. Excess supply - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excess_supply

    In economics, an excess supply, economic surplus [1] market surplus or briefly supply is a situation in which the quantity of a good or service supplied is more than the quantity demanded, [2] and the price is above the equilibrium level determined by supply and demand. That is, the quantity of the product that producers wish to sell exceeds ...

  5. Surplus labour - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surplus_labour

    Surplus labour (German: Mehrarbeit) is a concept used by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy.It means labour performed in excess of the labour necessary to produce the means of livelihood of the worker ("necessary labour").

  6. Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Surplus...

    The Federal Surplus Commodities Corporation was one of the so-called alphabet agencies set up in the United States during the 1930s as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal. Created in 1933 as the Federal Surplus Relief Corporation , its name was changed by charter amendment on November 18, 1935.

  7. Surplus product - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surplus_product

    Surplus product (German: Mehrprodukt) is a concept theorised by Karl Marx in his critique of political economy.Roughly speaking, it is the extra goods produced above the amount needed for a community of workers to survive at its current standard of living.

  8. Capitalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 January 2025. Economic system based on private ownership This article is about an economic system. For other uses, see Capitalism (disambiguation). "Capitalist" redirects here. For other uses, see Capitalist (disambiguation). Part of a series on Capitalism Concepts Austerity Business Business cycle ...

  9. Paradox of thrift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_thrift

    The paradox of thrift formally can be well described as a circuit paradox using the terms of Balances Mechanics developed by the German economist Wolfgang Stützel (German: Saldenmechanik): It is about saving by cut of expenses, which always leads to a revenue surplus of the individual, so to saving of money. But once the totality (in the ...