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In summary, a set of the real numbers is an interval, if and only if it is an open interval, a closed interval, or a half-open interval. [4] [5] A degenerate interval is any set consisting of a single real number (i.e., an interval of the form [a, a]). [6] Some authors include the empty set in this definition.
Half-open may refer to: Half-open file in chess; Half-open vowel, a class of vowel sound; Computing and mathematics. Half-open interval, ... Statistics; Cookie ...
While there are many Borel measures μ, the choice of Borel measure that assigns ((,]) = for every half-open interval (,] is sometimes called "the" Borel measure on . This measure turns out to be the restriction to the Borel σ-algebra of the Lebesgue measure λ {\displaystyle \lambda } , which is a complete measure and is defined on the ...
The lower limit topology is finer (has more open sets) than the standard topology on the real numbers (which is generated by the open intervals). The reason is that every open interval can be written as a (countably infinite) union of half-open intervals. For any real and , the interval [,) is clopen in (i.e., both open and closed).
The half-open intervals [a, b) and (a, b] are defined similarly. Whenever a ≤ b does not hold, all these intervals are empty. Every interval is a convex set, but the converse does not hold; for example, in the poset of divisors of 120, ordered by divisibility (see Fig. 7b), the set {1, 2, 4, 5, 8} is convex, but not an interval.
Most algorithms are based on a pseudorandom number generator that produces numbers that are uniformly distributed in the half-open interval [0, 1). These random variates are then transformed via some algorithm to create a new random variate having the required probability distribution. With this source of uniform pseudo-randomness, realizations ...
A classical example is to define a content on all half open intervals [,) by setting their content to the length of the intervals, that is, ([,)) =. One can further show that this content is actually σ-additive and thus defines a pre-measure on the semiring of all half-open intervals.
Jordan measure is first defined on Cartesian products of bounded half-open intervals = [,) [,) [,) that are closed at the left and open at the right with all endpoints and finite real numbers (half-open intervals is a technical choice; as we see below, one can use closed or open intervals if preferred).