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Rail transport in Spain operates on four rail gauges and services are operated by a variety of private and public operators. Total railway length in 2020 was 15,489 km (9,953 km electrified). [ 2 ] The Spanish high-speed rail network is the longest HSR network in Europe with 3,966 km (2,464 mi) and the second longest in the world, after China 's.
Map showing high-speed railway lines in operation as of January 2025. High-speed railways in Spain have been in operation since 1992 when the first line was opened connecting the cities of Madrid, Córdoba and Seville. Unlike the rest of the Iberian broad gauge network, the Spanish High-speed network mainly uses standard gauge.
Spain has 11,791 km of track with this gauge. [2] Since 1992, all high-speed rail lines in Spain have been built to 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) standard gauge, providing direct connections without break-of-gauge with the French railway system. The high speed line that was projected to run from Madrid to Lisbon was also to have been built at ...
Map of the Spanish rail network in 2019, with colour-coded track types. Renfe Operadora operates on conventional Iberian gauge (red), high speed (blue), and narrow gauge (green) lines. A Renfe train ticket. Renfe (Spanish pronunciation:, Eastern Catalan:), officially Renfe-Operadora, is Spain's national state-owned railway company.
In Spain there is an extensive 1,250 km (780 mi) system of 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 + 3 ⁄ 8 in) metre gauge railways. The majority of these railways was historically operated by FEVE, (Ferrocarriles Españoles de Vía Estrecha, Spanish narrow-gauge railways). Created in 1965 FEVE started absorbing numerous private-owned narrow-gauge railways.
Map of railways of the Iberian peninsula (1921) The history of rail transport in Spain begins in the 19th century. In 1848, a railway line between Barcelona and Mataró was inaugurated, [1] although a line in Cuba (then a Spanish overseas province) connecting Havana and Bejucal had already opened in 1837. [2]
Transport in Spain is characterised by a network of roads, railways (including having high speed rail network that is the second longest in the world), trams, air routes, and ports. Its geographic location makes it an important link between Europe, Africa, and the Americas .
The main railway networks of Spain were initially constructed to a 1,672 mm (5 ft 5 + 13 ⁄ 16 in) gauge of six Castilian feet. Those of Portugal were instead built to a 1,435 mm (4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) and later railways to a 1,664 mm (5 ft 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) gauge of five Portuguese feet – close enough to allow interoperability with Spanish ...
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