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Flowering occurs when average daily temperatures stay between 15–20 °C (59–68 °F) which in the Northern Hemisphere wine regions is generally around May and for the Southern Hemisphere regions around November. A few weeks after the initial clusters appear, the flowers start to grow in size with individual flowers becoming observable. [1]
The system is based on both the hypothesis and observations that grapevines do not grow if the temperature is below 50 °F (10 °C). [2] Each day during the growing season are assigned growing degree-days according to the amount that the day's average temperature exceeds this threshold.
Ideally the temperature and weather condition for this period should be warm, sunny and dry to insure optimal flowering. For some varieties, such as Zinfandel and Merlot , flowering may be more staggered which poses a greater risk for inclement weather disrupting the process and encouraging millerandage.
Large bodies of water, such as Lake Geneva in Switzerland, can have a moderating effect on the climate of a region.. Beyond establishing whether or not viticulture can even be sustained in an area, the climatic influences of a particular area goes a long way in influencing the type of grape varieties grown in a region and the type of viticultural practices that will be used. [7]
USDA plant hardiness maps, updated for the first time in a decade, show a 2.5-degree Fahrenheit increase in temperatures across the contiguous U.S.
Vitis vinifera, the common grape vine, is a species of flowering plant, native to the Mediterranean region, Central Europe, and southwestern Asia, from Morocco and Portugal north to southern Germany and east to northern Iran. [2]
Vitis riparia Michx, with common names riverbank grape or frost grape, [1] is a vine indigenous to North America.As a climbing or trailing vine, it is widely distributed across central and eastern Canada and the central and northeastern parts of the United States, from Quebec to Texas, and eastern Montana to Nova Scotia.
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