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Some herbal supplements—like turmeric, cinnamon, St. John’s Wort and echinacea—can interfere with how your body processes prescription and over-the-counter medications, leading to potential ...
This is a partial list of herbs and herbal treatments with known or suspected adverse effects, either alone or in interaction with other herbs or drugs.Non-inclusion of an herb in this list does not imply that it is free of adverse effects.
Echinacea has also been linked to allergic reactions, including asthma, shortness of breath, and one case of anaphylaxis. [35] [36] [37] Muscle and joint pain has been associated with Echinacea, but it may have been caused by cold or flu symptoms for which the Echinacea products were administered. [35]
Many plant pathogens produce virulence factors, or effectors, that modulate or interfere with normal host processes to the benefit of the pathogens. The first phytoplasmal virulence factor, a secreted protein termed “tengu-su inducer” (TENGU; C0H5W6 ), was identified in 2009 from a phytoplasma causing yellowing of onions .
“The study clearly shows that antibiotic use does not increase the risk of cognitive impairment or dementia for healthy older adults. The results are encouraging, particularly given the prior ...
Furthermore, "adulteration, inappropriate formulation, or lack of understanding of plant and drug interactions have led to adverse reactions that are sometimes life threatening or lethal." [ 36 ] Proper double-blind clinical trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of each plant before medical use.
Phyllody on a purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea). Phyllody is the abnormal development of floral parts into leafy structures. It is generally caused by phytoplasma or virus infections, [1] though it may also be because of environmental factors that result in an imbalance in plant hormones. [2]
Drugs that interact usually share three common features: they are taken orally, normally only a small amount enters systemic blood circulation, and they are metabolized by CYP3A4. [1] The effects on the CYP3A4 in the liver could, in principle, cause interactions with non-oral drugs (e.g. parenteral , inhaled substances , transdermal ...