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Mean inter-particle distance (or mean inter-particle separation) is the mean distance between microscopic particles (usually atoms or molecules) in a macroscopic body.
For massless (or highly relativistic) particles, the thermal wavelength is defined as = / = /,. where c is the speed of light. As with the thermal wavelength for massive particles, this is of the order of the average wavelength of the particles in the gas and defines a critical point at which quantum effects begin to dominate.
Nuclear interaction length is the mean distance travelled by a hadronic particle before undergoing an inelastic nuclear interaction. ... Particle Data Group site
The Lennard-Jones Potential is a mathematically simple model for the interaction between a pair of atoms or molecules. [3] [4] One of the most common forms is = [() ()] where ε is the depth of the potential well, σ is the finite distance at which the inter-particle potential is zero, r is the distance between the particles.
In particle physics, the radiation length is a characteristic of a material, related to the energy loss of high energy particles electromagnetically interacting with it. It is defined as the mean length (in cm) into the material at which the energy of an electron is reduced by the factor 1/ e .
In physics, mean free path is the average distance over which a moving particle (such as an atom, a molecule, or a photon) travels before substantially changing its direction or energy (or, in a specific context, other properties), typically as a result of one or more successive collisions with other particles.
A closely related parameter is the plasma coupling , defined as a ratio of the Coulomb energy to the thermal one: =.. The Coulomb energy (per particle) is = , where for the typical inter-particle distance usually is taken the Wigner–Seitz radius.
An intermolecular force (IMF; also secondary force) is the force that mediates interaction between molecules, including the electromagnetic forces of attraction or repulsion which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles, e.g. atoms or ions.