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This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for the Indian rupee (INR) against the special drawing rights unit (SDR), United States dollar (USD), pound sterling (GBP), Deutsche mark (DM), euro (EUR) and Japanese yen (JPY). The rupee was worth one shilling and sixpence in sterling in 1947.
US Dollar (37) Euro (28) Composite (8) Other (9) No separate legal tender (16) Ecuador El Salvador Marshall Islands Micronesia Palau Panama Timor-Leste Andorra Monaco San Marino Vatican City Kosovo Montenegro Kiribati Nauru Tuvalu; Currency board (11) Djibouti Hong Kong ; ECCU Antigua and Barbuda Dominica
India's foreign exchange reserves consists of its holdings in major currencies such as the U.S. dollar, euro, and yen. India also holds a significant amount of gold, which serves as a hedge against inflation and currency depreciation. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) allocated by the IMF, these can be used to supplement reserves.
This monumental transaction follows the sale of 25kg of gold from a UAE gold exporter to a buyer in India for around 128.4 million rupees ($1.54 million), according to Reuters.
Before 1966, all the emirates that now form the UAE used the Gulf rupee, which was pegged at parity to the Indian rupee. On 6 June 1966, India decided to devalue the Gulf rupee against the Indian rupee. Not accepting the devaluation, several of the states still using the Gulf rupee adopted their own or other currencies.
In 1966, India devalued the rupee, prompting Qatar, Dubai, and all the Trucial States with the exception of Abu Dhabi, to introduce a new riyal unit at par with the pre-devaluation rupee. Abu Dhabi instead chose to adopt the Bahraini dinar, and in 1973 it changed to the United Arab Emirates dirham in line with the rest of the sheikdoms in the UAE.
The Pakistani rupee depreciated against the US dollar until around the start of the 21st century, when Pakistan's large current-account surplus pushed the value of the rupee up versus the dollar. Pakistan's central bank then stabilized by lowering interest rates and buying dollars, in order to preserve the country's export competitiveness.
Officially, the Indian rupee has a market-determined exchange rate. However, the Reserve Bank of India trades actively in the USD/INR currency market to impact effective exchange rates. Thus, the currency regime in place for the Indian rupee with respect to the US dollar is a de facto controlled exchange rate.