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Poisonous mushrooms contain a variety of different toxins that can differ markedly in toxicity. Symptoms of mushroom poisoning may vary from gastric upset to organ failure resulting in death. Serious symptoms do not always occur immediately after eating, often not until the toxin attacks the kidney or liver, sometimes days or weeks later.
Although many people have a fear of mushroom poisoning by "toadstools", only a small number of the many macroscopic fruiting bodies commonly known as mushrooms and toadstools have proven fatal to humans. This list is not exhaustive and does not contain many fungi that, although not deadly, are still harmful.
Amanita virosa is highly toxic, and has been responsible for severe mushroom poisonings. [7] Eating just one cap of A. virosa is enough to kill an adult human. [7] The symptoms of poisoning generally come several hours after consumption, a delay which may make treatment more difficult. Fruit bodies contain both amatoxins and phallotoxins.
Mushroom production will occur when the moisture content of the soil and humidity of the air is adequate. Even when no mushrooms are visible the fungus may still be alive and thriving in the soil waiting for the next opportunity to fruit. As a saprotrophic species L. birnbaumii is harmless to plants.
Jack-O'lantern mushroom illudin S, illudin M, and muscarine [28] North America and Europe Cantharellus spp. Omphalotus japonicus: Tsukiyotake illudin S and illudin M [29] [30] [31] Asia Pleurotus ostreatus. Lentinula edodes. Sarcomyxa serotina. Omphalotus nidiformis: Ghost fungus illudin S, illudin M, and illudosin [32] Oceania and India ...
The mushroom belongs to the same section (Phalloideae) and genus (Amanita) as several deadly poisonous fungi including the death cap (A. phalloides) and several all-white species of Amanita known as "destroying angels": A. bisporigera of eastern North America, and the European A. virosa. "Death angel" is used as an alternate common name.
Amanita verna, commonly known as the fool's mushroom or the spring destroying angel (see destroying angel), [2] is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. Occurring in Europe in spring, A. verna associates with various deciduous and coniferous trees.
Symptoms of death cap mushroom toxicity usually occur 6 to 12 hours after ingestion. [77] Symptoms of ingestion of the death cap mushroom may include nausea and vomiting, which is then followed by jaundice, seizures, and coma which will lead to death. The mortality rate of ingestion of the death cap mushroom is believed to be around 10–30%. [78]