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This leads to impaired vision. The best known representative of the pachychoroid disease spectrum, central serous chorioretinopathy, is the fourth most common cause of irreversible damage to the macula:. [1] [2] The term "pachychoroid" was first introduced in 2013 by David Warrow, Quan Hoang and K. Bailey Freund. [3]
Serpiginous choroiditis, also known as geographic helicoid peripapillary choroidopathy (GHPC), is a rare, chronic, progressive, and recurrent bilateral inflammatory disease involving the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), the choriocapillaries, and the choroid. [1] It affects adult men and women equally in the second to seventh decades of life. [2]
Generally, diseases outlined within the ICD-10 codes H30-H36 within Chapter VII: Diseases of the eye, adnexa should be included in this category. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Disorders of choroid and retina .
Chorioretinitis is an inflammation of the choroid (thin pigmented vascular coat of the eye) and retina of the eye. It is a form of posterior uveitis. Inflammation of these layers can lead to vision-threatening complications. If only the choroid is inflamed, not the retina, the condition is termed choroiditis. [1]
Recently, central serous chorioretinopathy has been understood to be part of the pachychoroid spectrum. [5] [6] In pachychoroid spectrum disorders, of which CSR represents stage II, the choroid, the highly vascularized layer below the retina, is thickened and congested with increased blood vessel diameter, especially in the deep choroid (the so-called Haller's layer).
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is an eye disease primarily affecting the choroid. It may cause sudden blurring of vision or a scotoma in the central field of vision . Since Indocyanine green angiography gives better imaging of choroidal structures, it is more preferred in diagnosing PCV.
Congenital toxoplasmosis may lead to hydrocephalus, seizures, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, rash, and fever. However, retinochoroiditis is the most common manifestation, occurring in 3/4 of cases. In congenital toxoplasmosis, the disease is bilateral in 65–85% of cases and involves the macula in 58%.
Layers of the eye, with the choroid labelled. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye.Choroidal neovascularization is a common cause of neovascular degenerative maculopathy (i.e. 'wet' macular degeneration) [1] commonly exacerbated by extreme myopia, malignant myopic degeneration, or age-related developments.