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  2. Tundra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra

    In physical geography, tundra (/ ˈ t ʌ n d r ə, ˈ t ʊ n-/) is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons. There are three regions and associated types of tundra: Arctic tundra, [2] alpine tundra, [2] and Antarctic tundra. [3] Tundra vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses ...

  3. Tundra of North America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra_of_North_America

    Animal species that are endangered in the tundra include the Arctic fox, caribou, and polar bears. These animals have been endangered due to overhunting, an infestation of disease, loss of diet and habitat due to climate change, and human destructive activities, such as searches for natural gas and oil, mining, and road building. [10]

  4. Biome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome

    A biome (/ ˈ b aɪ. oʊ m /) is a distinct geographical region with specific climate, vegetation, and animal life. It consists of a biological community that has formed in response to its physical environment and regional climate. [1] [2] Biomes may span more than one continent. A biome encompasses multiple ecosystems within its boundaries

  5. Alpine tundra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine_tundra

    Alpine tundra is a type of natural region or biome that does not contain trees because it is at high elevation, with an associated harsh climate. As the latitude of a location approaches the poles, the threshold elevation for alpine tundra gets lower until it reaches sea level, and alpine tundra merges with polar tundra .

  6. Arctic ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arctic_ecology

    Arctic ecology is the scientific study of the relationships between biotic and abiotic factors in the arctic, the region north of the Arctic Circle (66° 33’N). [1] This region is characterized by two biomes: taiga (or boreal forest) and tundra. [2]

  7. Terrestrial ecosystem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrestrial_ecosystem

    Terrestrial ecosystems occupy 55,660,000 mi 2 (144,150,000 km 2), or 28.26% of Earth's surface. [5] Major plant taxa in terrestrial ecosystems are members of the division Magnoliophyta (flowering plants), of which there are about 275,000 species, and the division Pinophyta (conifers), of which there are about 500 species.

  8. The tundra has become a source of emissions, rather than a carbon sink, the authors said. The Arctic is heating up far faster than places at lower altitudes as melting ice reflects less radiation ...

  9. Mammoth steppe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammoth_steppe

    The steppe-tundra biome first emerged during the glacial period of Marine Isotope Stage 12, around 460,000 years ago, during the Middle Pleistocene, uniting animals that previously inhabited the previously disparate northern tundra and Central Asian steppe biomes. The size of the steppe-tundra biome would repeatedly expand and contract as a ...