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Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (), or unsaturated, with double bonds or triple bonds ().If other elements (heteroatoms) are bound to the carbon chain, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound.
The epicuticular waxes of plants are mixtures of substituted long-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, containing alkanes, alkyl esters, fatty acids, primary and secondary alcohols, diols, ketones and aldehydes. [2] From the commercial perspective, the most important plant wax is carnauba wax, a hard wax obtained from the Brazilian palm Copernicia ...
In the fossil fuel industries, hydrocarbon refers to naturally occurring petroleum, natural gas and coal, or their hydrocarbon derivatives and purified forms. Combustion of hydrocarbons is the main source of the world's energy. Petroleum is the dominant raw-material source for organic commodity chemicals such as solvents and polymers.
Norbornane (also called bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane). Unsubstituted cycloalkanes that contain a single ring in their molecular structure are typically named by adding the prefix "cyclo" to the name of the corresponding linear alkane with the same number of carbon atoms in its chain as the cycloalkane has in its ring.
The UOP characterisation factor (K w) (UOP 375-07 [2]), is based on the observation that the specific gravities of the hydrocarbons are related to their H/C ratio (and thus to their chemical character) and that their boiling points are linked to their number of carbon atoms in their molecules. High values of Kw (13-12.5) indicate a ...
Petroleum ether is the petroleum fraction consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbons and boiling in the range 35–60 °C, and commonly used as a laboratory solvent. [4] Despite the name, petroleum ether is not an ether ; the term is used only figuratively, signifying extreme lightness and volatility.
Limonene (/ ˈ l ɪ m ə n ˌ iː n /) is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the essential oil of citrus fruit peels. [1] The (+)-isomer, occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing.
Naphtha (/ ˈ n æ f θ ə /, recorded as less common or nonstandard [1] in all dictionaries: / ˈ n æ p θ ə /) is a flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture.Generally, it is a fraction of crude oil, but it can also be produced from natural-gas condensates, petroleum distillates, and the fractional distillation of coal tar and peat.