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Regular insulin, also known as neutral insulin and soluble insulin, is a type of short-acting medical insulin. [2] It is used to treat type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes , gestational diabetes , and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states . [ 5 ]
Meglitinides help the pancreas produce insulin and are often called "short-acting secretagogues." They act on the same potassium channels as sulfonylureas, but at a different binding site. [ 29 ] By closing the potassium channels of the pancreatic beta cells, they open the calcium channels, thereby enhancing insulin secretion.
Insulin lispro, sold under the brand name Humalog among others, is a modified type of medical insulin used to treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes. [5] It is delivered subcutaneously either by injection or from an insulin pump. [5] [6] Onset of effects typically occurs within 30 minutes and lasts about 5 hours. [5]
The long acting insulin is given once (usually glargine, Lantus) or twice (usually detemir, Levemir) daily to provide a base, or basal insulin level. Rapid acting (RA) insulin is given before meals and snacks. A similar profile can be provided using an insulin pump where rapid acting insulin is given as the basal and premeal bolus insulin.
Insulin degludec/liraglutide, sold under the brand name Xultophy, is a fixed-dose combination medication for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes to improve glycemic control in combination with diet and exercise. [7] [8] It contains insulin degludec and liraglutide. [7] [8] It is administered by subcutaneous injection. [7] [8]
The differences mean that insulin degludec is absorbed more slowly by the body. [6] This means it has a long duration of action. [6] Meanwhile, insulin aspart is absorbed faster by the body than human insulin, and therefore it starts to work as soon as it is injected and has a short duration of action. [6]
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a fast-acting diabetes drug called Afrezza for use by adults with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. The drug is inhaled into the lungs using a small ...
Repaglinide (trade name Prandin) [2] gained US Food and Drug Administration approval in 1997. Other drugs in this class include nateglinide (Starlix) [ 3 ] and mitiglinide (Glufast). Side effects
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