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The previous edition proposed a diagnosis of Enduring Personality Change after Catastrophic Event (EPCACE), which was an ancestor of C-PTSD. [3] [2] [8] Healthdirect Australia (HDA) and the British National Health Service (NHS) have also acknowledged C-PTSD as mental disorder.
Both have deliberately aligned their diagnoses to some extent, but some differences remain. For example, the ICD-10 included narcissistic personality disorder in the group of other specific personality disorders, while DSM-5 does not include enduring personality change after catastrophic experience.
It was stated in the later inquest that she was diagnosed with a number of severe psychiatric problems, "these problems included enduring personality change after catastrophic experience, protracted grief reaction and alcohol dependency syndrome." [2] Clark was found dead in her home in Hatfield Peverel in Essex on 16 March 2007.
Personality change refers to the different forms of change in various aspects of personality. These changes include how we experience things, how our perception of experiences changes, and how we react in situations. [citation needed] An individual's personality may stay somewhat consistent throughout their life. Still, more often than not ...
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [b] is a mental and behavioral disorder [8] that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, warfare and its associated traumas, natural disaster, traffic collision, or other threats on a person's life or well-being.
The ICD also has a category for enduring personality change after a catastrophic experience or psychiatric illness. If an inability to sufficiently adjust to life circumstances begins within three months of a particular event or situation, and ends within six months after the stressor stops or is eliminated, it may instead be classed as an ...
Psychological trauma (also known as mental trauma, psychiatric trauma, emotional damage, or psychotrauma) is an emotional response caused by severe distressing events, such as bodily injury, sexual violence, or other threats to the life of the subject or their loved ones; indirect exposure, such as from watching television news, may be extremely distressing and can produce an involuntary and ...
The general understanding that suffering and distress can potentially yield positive change is thousands of years old. [1] For example, some of the early ideas and writing of the ancient Hebrews, Greeks, and early Christians, as well as some of the teachings of Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam [4] and the BaháΚΌí Faith [5] contain elements of the potentially transformative power of suffering.