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Gordon Willard Allport (November 11, 1897 – October 9, 1967) was an American psychologist. Allport was one of the first psychologists to focus on the study of the personality, and is often referred to as one of the founding figures of personality psychology . [ 1 ]
The contact hypothesis (by Gordon Allport) is one area of psychology that focuses on positive aspects of intergroup relations. [30] [31] The hypothesis suggests that when there is cooperation, equal status, common goals and authority support then contact between members of different groups can result in reduced negative attitudes.
In 1967, Gordon Allport and J. M. Ross developed a means of measuring religious orientation. The Extrinsic scale measures extrinsic religious orientation. [2] A sample statement from the scale is "The church is most important as a place to formulate good social relationships". [1]
[4] [5] Gordon Allport (1937) described two major ways to study personality: the nomothetic and the idiographic. Nomothetic psychology seeks general laws that can be applied to many different people, such as the principle of self-actualization or the trait of extraversion.
In 1936, American psychologists Gordon Allport of Harvard University and Henry Odbert of Dartmouth College implemented Galton's hypothesis. They organised for three anonymous people to categorise adjectives from Webster's New International Dictionary and a list of common slang words. The result was a list of 4504 adjectives they believed were ...
Gordon Allport's trait theory not only served as a foundational approach within personality psychology, but also is continued to be viewed and discussed by other disciplines such as anthropology because of how he approached culture within trait theory.
An example is the Religious Orientation Scale of Allport and Ross, [22] which measures how respondents stand on intrinsic and extrinsic religion as described by Allport. More recent questionnaires include the Age-Universal I-E Scale of Gorsuch and Venable, [ 50 ] the Religious Life Inventory of Batson, Schoenrade and Ventis, [ 23 ] and the ...
The imagined contact hypothesis is derived from Gordon Allport's contact hypothesis, which states that contact between groups is an effective means of reducing prejudice and intergroup conflict. [8] In Allport's seminal work The Nature of Prejudice he suggested that contact at the "fantasy level" [9] may also be an effective means of reducing ...