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A volcano needs a reservoir of molten magma (e.g. a magma chamber), a conduit to allow magma to rise through the crust, and a vent to allow the magma to escape above the surface as lava. The erupted volcanic material (lava and tephra) that is deposited around the vent is known as a volcanic edifice, typically a volcanic cone or mountain. [2] [22]
A volcanic arc is part of an arc-trench complex, which is the part of a subduction zone that is visible at the Earth's surface. A subduction zone is where a tectonic plate composed of relatively thin, dense oceanic lithosphere sinks into the Earth's mantle beneath a less dense overriding plate.
Mauna Loa, a shield volcano in Hawaii An Ancient Greek warrior's shield—its circular shape and gently sloping surface, with a central raised area, is a shape shared by many shield volcanoes. A shield volcano is a type of volcano named for its low profile, resembling a shield lying on the ground.
Satellite image of the Big Raven Plateau in British Columbia, Canada Rangipo Desert of the North Island Volcanic Plateau. Numerous tephra layers are visible. The Pajarito Plateau in New Mexico, United States is an example of a volcanic plateau. A volcanic plateau is a plateau produced by volcanic activity. There are two main types: lava ...
Kilauea volcano on Hawaii island, also known as the Big Island, began erupting at roughly 2:20 a.m. and continued throughout the day –– bringing packed crowds to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park ...
These lava flows add surface materials to the slopes of the volcano, extending the slopes outward in a general flattening of the morphology of the flank. [6] The extensional character of these events can contribute to flank instability and mass wasting events where whole sections of the volcanic edifice can collapse along rift zone boundaries. [5]
A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a typically conical volcano built up by many alternating layers of hardened lava and tephra. [1] Unlike shield volcanoes , stratovolcanoes are characterized by a steep profile with a summit crater and explosive eruptions. [ 2 ]
Mount Apo is the highest mountain peak in the Philippines, with an elevation of 2,954 meters (9,692 ft) above sea level.A large solfataric, dormant stratovolcano, it is part of the Apo-Talomo Mountain Range of Mindanao island.