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The Quraysh or Qureshi (Arabic: قُرَيْشٍ, romanized: Qurayš) is an Arab tribe that inhabited and used to control Mecca and the Kaaba. Comprising ten main clans, it includes the Hashim clan into which the Islamic prophet Muhammad was born.
When the Islamic prophet Muhammad, a member of the Banu Hashim, a Qurayshite clan related to the Banu Umayya through their shared ancestor, Abd Manaf, began his religious teachings in Mecca, he was opposed by most of the Quraysh. [9] [10] He found support from the inhabitants of Medina and relocated there with his followers in 622. [11]
Surah Quraysh, the 106th chapter of the Quran, holds special significance for the Quraysh tribe. This brief yet profound chapter addresses the Quraysh tribe of Mecca. The surah highlights the blessings and security bestowed upon the Quraysh due to their connection with the sacred sanctuary and urges them to worship the Lord of the Kaaba, who granted them safety and prosperity.
The conquest of Mecca (Arabic: فَتْحُ مَكَّةَ Fatḥu Makkah, alternatively, "liberation of Mecca") was a military campaign undertaken by Muhammad and his companions during the Muslim–Quraysh War. They led the early Muslims in an advance on the Quraysh-controlled city of Mecca in December 629 or January 630 [4] [5] (10–20 ...
The Banu Makhzum were a major clan of the larger Quraysh tribal grouping which dominated Mecca. [4] Though in Arab genealogical tradition, there are some twenty branches descended from the progenitor Umar ibn Makhzum, the line of al-Mughira ibn Abd Allah ibn Umar ibn Makhzum emerged as the principal family of the Banu Makhzum. [4]
In early 626, leaders of the Jewish tribe of Banu Nadir which was expelled from Medina in May 625 met with the Quraysh in Mecca and swore allegiance to Safwan ibn Umayya. [ 55 ] [ 56 ] Following this meeting, the Banu Nadir rallied the Arab tribes of Najd against Muhammad, whose forces combined with the army of the Quraysh numbered 10,000 men.
This period is characterized by the persecution of Muhammad and the Muslims by the Quraysh as it expanded to his clan, the Hashem. To persuade the clan to relent their protection of Muhammad, the Quraysh boycotted the Hashem. [18] Revelations from this period are characterized by descriptions of the resurrection, paradise, and Judgment Day. [19]
During the pre-Islamic period, the Thaqif rivaled and cooperated with the Quraysh tribe of Mecca in trade and land ownership. The tribe initially opposed the Islamic prophet Muhammad, but following the Muslim siege of Ta'if in 630, they came to terms and embraced Islam. The Thaqif's inter-tribal networks and their relatively high education ...
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