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The formal end to Tatar rule over Russia was the defeat of the Tatars at the Great Stand on the Ugra River in 1480. Ivan III (r. 1462–1505) and Vasili III (r. 1505–1533) had consolidated the centralized Russian state following the annexations of the Novgorod Republic in 1478, Tver in 1485, the Pskov Republic in 1510, Volokolamsk in 1513, Ryazan in 1521, and Novgorod-Seversk in 1522.
The Japan–Russia border is the de facto maritime boundary that separates the territorial waters of the two countries. According to the Russian border agency, the border's length is 194.3 km (120.7 mi). [1] The two countries do not share a terrestrial border, although they did during the period 1905–1945 when the island of Sakhalin was split ...
Modern borders of Russia with the years that the corresponding portions of the border have continuously belonged to Russia since. Russia shares land borders with 14 countries owing to its large expanse, tied with China in being more than any other state in the world, but there are sea boundaries with two more countries.
Russia, as one of the world's only three countries bordering three oceans, [230] has links with a great number of seas. [h] [239] Its major islands and archipelagos include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Severnaya Zemlya, the New Siberian Islands, Wrangel Island, the Kuril Islands (four of which are disputed with Japan), and Sakhalin.
Russia's GDP by purchasing power parity (PPP) from 1991 to 2019 (in international dollars) Russian male life expectancy from 1980 to 2007. With the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and COMECON and other treaties that served to bind its satellite states to the Soviet Union, the conversion of the world's largest state-controlled economy into a market-oriented economy would have been ...
The Millennium of Russia monument in Veliky Novgorod (unveiled on 8 September 1862). The history of Russia begins with the histories of the East Slavs. [1] [2] The traditional start date of specifically Russian history is the establishment of the Rus' state in the north in the year 862, ruled by Varangians.
Britain feared that Russia planned to invade India and that this was the goal of Russia's expansion in Central Asia, while Russia continued its conquest of Central Asia. [37] Indeed, multiple 19th-century Russian invasion plans of India are attested, including the Duhamel and Khrulev plans of the Crimean War (1853–1856), among later plans ...
A reconstruction program approved by the State Duma in 1912, but it was not completed before World War I. [205] Russia's Baltic Fleet stayed on the defensive against the German High Seas Fleet, [206] but its Black Sea Fleet had success in raiding Ottoman merchant shipping and threatened the ability of the Ottoman Empire to continue the war. [124]