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Acetic acid bacteria are characterized by the ability to convert ethanol to acetic acid in the presence of oxygen. Of these, the genus Acetobacter is distinguished by the ability to oxidize lactate and acetate into carbon dioxide and water. [2] Bacteria of the genus Acetobacter have been isolated from industrial vinegar fermentation processes ...
Acetobacter aceti, a Gram-negative bacterium that moves using its peritrichous flagella, was discovered when Louis Pasteur proved it to be the cause of conversion of ethanol to acetic acid in 1864. Today, A. aceti is recognized as a species within the genus Acetobacter, belonging to the family Acetobacteraceae in the class Alphaproteobacteria. [1]
Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are a group of Gram-negative bacteria which oxidize sugars or ethanol and produce acetic acid during fermentation. [1] The acetic acid bacteria consist of 10 genera in the family Acetobacteraceae. [1] Several species of acetic acid bacteria are used in industry for production of certain foods and chemicals. [1]
Acetobacteraceae is a family of Gram-negative bacteria, belonging to the order Rhodospirillales, class Alphaproteobacteria.Two distinct clades are recognized: the acetic acid bacteria and a more heterogeneous group including acidophilic and phototrophic bacteria.
However, other acidophiles, such as Acetobacter aceti, have an acidified cytoplasm which forces nearly all proteins in the genome to evolve acid stability. [8] For this reason, Acetobacter aceti has become a valuable resource for understanding the mechanisms by which proteins can attain acid stability.
However, on an industrial scale, Acetobacter was seen in acetic acid concentrations of 11.5-12%. [6] Lactic acid bacteria are also present in mother of vinegar to aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates in the alcohol fermentation process. Lactic acid bacteria create lactic acid, which results in a pH decrease in the final vinegar product. In ...
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To better reflect its structure, acetic acid is often written as CH 3 −C(O)OH, CH 3 −C(=O)−OH, CH 3 COOH, and CH 3 CO 2 H. In the context of acid–base reactions, the abbreviation HAc is sometimes used, [12] where Ac in this case is a symbol for acetate (rather than acetyl).