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Formal language, comprising the symbolic "words" or "sentences" of a formal system; Formal grammar, a grammar describing a formal language; Colloquialism, the linguistic style used for informal communication; T–V distinction, involving a distinction between formal and informal words for "you"
Rudolph Carnap defined the meaning of the adjective formal in 1934 as follows: "A theory, a rule, a definition, or the like is to be called formal when no reference is made in it either to the meaning of the symbols (for example, the words) or to the sense of the expressions (e.g. the sentences), but simply and solely to the kinds and order of the symbols from which the expressions are ...
In the English language, an honorific is a form of address conveying esteem, courtesy or respect. These can be titles prefixing a person's name, e.g.: Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms, Mx, Sir, Dame, Dr, Cllr, Lady, or Lord, or other titles or positions that can appear as a form of address without the person's name, as in Mr President, General, Captain, Father, Doctor, or Earl.
Two formal systems and ′ may have all the same theorems and yet differ in some significant proof-theoretic way (a formula A may be a syntactic consequence of a formula B in one but not another for instance). A formal proof or derivation is a finite sequence of well-formed formulas (which may be interpreted as sentences, or propositions) each ...
Many languages lack this type of distinction, instead relying on other morphological or discourse features to convey formality. English historically contained the distinction, using the pronouns thou and you , but the familiar thou largely disappeared from the era of Early Modern English onward, with the exception of a few dialects .
Sir is a formal honorific address in English for men, derived from Sire in the High Middle Ages.Both are derived from the old French "Sieur" (Lord), brought to England by the French-speaking Normans, and which now exist in French only as part of "Monsieur", with the equivalent "My Lord" in English.
A colloquial name or familiar name is a name or term commonly used to identify a person or thing in non-specialist language, in place of another usually more formal or technical name. [13] In the philosophy of language, "colloquial language" is ordinary natural language, as distinct from specialized forms used in logic or other areas of ...
Formal equivalence is often more goal than reality, if only because one language may contain a word for a concept which has no direct equivalent in another language. In such cases, a more dynamic translation may be used or a neologism may be created in the target language to represent the concept (sometimes by borrowing a word from the source ...