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Citrin deficiency (CD) is an inherited autosomal recessive metabolic condition and a urea cycle disorder. Citrin deficiency is a complex disorder with several age-dependent phenotypes. A hallmark symptom of citrin deficiency is a strong dietary preference for foods rich in protein and fat, while being low in carbohydrates.
Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase kinase deficiency (BCKDK deficiency) is a disease resulting from mutations of the BCKDK gene. Patients with BCKDK deficiency have low levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) in their organism due to accelerated breakdown of these essential amino acids.
Aminoacylase 1 (ACY1: EC 3.5.14) is a zinc binding enzyme which hydrolyzes N-acetyl amino acids into the free amino acid and acetic acid. Of the N-acetyl amino hydrolyzing enzymes, aminoacylase 1 is the most common. [citation needed] The ACY1 gene is located on the short arm of chromosome 3 (3p21.2). [citation needed]
Homocystinuria (HCU) [2] is an inherited disorder of the metabolism of the amino acid methionine due to a deficiency of cystathionine beta synthase or methionine synthase. [3] It is an inherited autosomal recessive trait, which means a child needs to inherit a copy of the defective gene from both parents to be affected.
Propionic acidemia, also known as propionic aciduria or propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency (PCC deficiency), [1] is a rare autosomal recessive metabolic disorder, classified as a branched-chain organic acidemia. [2] [3] The disorder presents in the early neonatal period with poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, and lack of muscle tone. [4]
The branched-chain amino acids include isoleucine, leucine and valine. [1] Organic acids refer to the amino acids and certain odd-chained fatty acids which are affected by these disorders. The four main types of organic acidemia are: methylmalonic acidemia, propionic acidemia, isovaleric acidemia, and maple syrup urine disease. [1]
Had D amino acids been discovered in humans sooner, the glycine site on the NMDA receptor might instead be named the D-serine site. [19] Apart from central nervous system, D -serine plays a signaling role in peripheral tissues and organs such as cartilage, [ 20 ] kidney, [ 21 ] and corpus cavernosum.
Glutaric acidemia type 1 (GA1) is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to completely break down the amino acids lysine, hydroxylysine and tryptophan.Excessive levels of their intermediate breakdown products (glutaric acid, glutaryl-CoA, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid) can accumulate and cause damage to the brain (and also other organs [1]), but particularly the basal ...