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The working face of each paddle can be flat or cylindrically curved and wears the card cloth. Small cards, called flick cards, are used to flick the ends of a lock of fibre, or to tease out some strands for spinning off. [16] A pair of cards is used to brush the wool between them until the fibres are more or less aligned in the same direction.
Scotswomen walking (fulling) woollen cloth, singing a waulking song, 1772 (engraving made by Thomas Pennant on one of his tours). Fulling, also known as tucking or walking (Scots: waukin, hence often spelt waulking in Scottish English), is a step in woollen clothmaking which involves the cleansing of woven cloth (particularly wool) to eliminate oils, dirt, and other impurities, and to make it ...
A lace fabric is lightweight openwork fabric, patterned, with open holes in the work. The holes can be formed via removal of threads or cloth from a previously woven fabric, but more often lace is built up from a single thread and the open spaces are created as part of the lace fabric. Lace may be crocheted tatted,or knitted.
When combing wool, the discarded short fibres are called noils, and are ground up into shoddy. [1] In general, there are two main systems of preparing fibre for yarn: the worsted system and the woollen system. The worsted system is defined by the removal of short fibres by combing and top preparation by gilling.
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A fuller cleansed and thickened wool using their hands and feet. [39]: 70–72 In the Middle Ages water-powered fulling mills were introduced to replace manual fulling. [100] [101] Manual and mechanical fulling co-existed from the 10th to the 20th centuries, with manual fulling gradually replaced by the fulling mill. [39]: 72 [100]: 33–34
Woolen or woollen is a yarn and cloth usually made from wool. worsted fabric Worsted is a yarn and cloth usually made from wool. The yarn is well twisted and spun of long staple wool (though nowadays also medium and short fibers are used). The wool is combed so that the fibers lie parallel. woven fabric A woven fabric is a cloth formed by ...