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Early childhood is a critical period in a child's life that includes ages from birth to five years old. [1] [2] Psychological stress is an inevitable part of life. Human beings can experience stress from an early age. Although stress is a factor for the average human being, it can be a positive or negative molding aspect in a young child's life ...
Environmental factors affecting development may include both diet and disease exposure, as well as social, emotional, and cognitive experiences. [57] However, examination of environmental factors also shows that children can survive a fairly broad range of environmental experiences. [56]
Social emotional development represents a specific domain of child development. It is a gradual, integrative process through which children acquire the capacity to understand, experience, express, and manage emotions and to develop meaningful relationships with others. [ 1 ]
Interventions that use the social ecological model as a framework include mass media campaigns, social marketing, and skills development. In economics: economics, human habits, and cultural characteristics are shaped by geography. In economics, an output is a function of natural resources, human resources, capital resources, and technology.
A number of mediating factors play a role in determining the effects divorce has on a child, for example, divorcing families with young children often face harsher consequences in terms of demographic, social, and economic changes than do families with older children. [151]
Learning about child development involves studying patterns of growth and development, from which guidelines for 'normal' development are construed. Developmental norms are sometimes called milestones – they define the recognized development pattern that children are expected to follow.
The mother's preference of family size, which influences that of the children through early adulthood. [19] Likewise, the extended family influences fertility intentions, with an increased number of nephews and nieces increasing the preferred number of children. [1] Social pressure from kin and friends to have another child. [1] Social support.
Barker cited nutrition as being one of the most important intrauterine influences affecting development and that under-nutrition could permanently change the physiology and development of the child. [22] It has been shown that under-nutrition, particularly protein malnutrition, can lead to irregular brain maturation and learning disabilities. [23]