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Midwifery and obstetrics are different but overlap in medical practice that focuses on pregnancy and labor. Midwifery emphasizes the normality of pregnancy along with the reproductive process. Classical Antiquity saw the beginning of attempts to classify various areas of medical research, and the terms gynecology and obstetrics came into use.
Midwifery in the Middle Ages impacted women's work and health prior to the professionalization of medicine. During the Middle Ages in Western Europe, people relied on the medical knowledge of Roman and Greek philosophers, specifically Galen , Hippocrates , and Aristotle . [ 1 ]
In ancient Egypt, midwifery was a recognized female occupation, as attested by the Ebers Papyrus which dates from 1900 to 1550 BCE. Five columns of this papyrus deal with obstetrics and gynecology , especially concerning the acceleration of parturition (the action or process of giving birth to offspring) and the birth prognosis of the newborn.
15 The king of Egypt spoke to the Hebrew midwives, one of whom was named Shiphrah and the other Puah, saying, 16 “When you deliver the Hebrew women, look at the birthstool: if it is a boy, kill him; if it is a girl, let her live.” 17 The midwives, fearing God, did not do as the king of Egypt had told them; they let the boys live. 18 So the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and said to ...
Tel Aviv: The Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University is a bi-annual peer-reviewed periodical that publishes articles on the archaeology and history of the Southern Levant. While the journal featurs articles dealing with periods ranging from prehistory to Late Antiquity, its primary focus is on the Bronze and Iron Ages. [71]
There are no extant texts of ancient medicine, as a first subject, of Hebrew origin. [2] There was no medicine distinctly Jewish and instead Jewish practitioners had adopted Greek and later Graeco-Roman knowledge as practice.
Eileithyia or Ilithyia (/ ɪ l ɪ ˈ θ aɪ. ə /; [1] Ancient Greek: Εἰλείθυια; Ἐλεύθυια (Eleuthyia) in Crete, also Ἐλευθία (Eleuthia) or Ἐλυσία (Elysia) in Laconia and Messene, and Ἐλευθώ (Eleuthō) in literature) [2] was the Greek goddess of childbirth and midwifery, [3] and the daughter of Zeus and Hera.
Agnodice (Greek: Ἀγνοδίκη, pronounced [aŋnodíkɛː]; c. 4th century BCE) is a legendary figure said to be the first female midwife or physician in ancient Athens. Her story, originally told by the Roman author Gaius Julius Hyginus in his Fabulae, has been used to illustrate issues surrounding women in medicine and midwifery. Agnodice ...