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Anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory is known as the high levels of anxiety one may experience as they come in contact with those of another culture.This concept was first introduced by William B. Gudykunst to further define how humans effectively communicate based on their anxiety and uncertainty in social situations.
Uncertainty is an unavoidable aspect of everyday life. The degree to which it is felt in a given situation varies among individuals. Because uncertainty is dependent upon perspective, "a person who believes himself or herself to be uncertain is uncertain." [2] However, people have different appetites and tolerances for uncertainty. For some ...
[2] Interpersonal communication research addresses at least six categories of inquiry: 1) how humans adjust and adapt their verbal communication and nonverbal communication during face-to-face communication; 2) how messages are produced; 3) how uncertainty influences behavior and information-management strategies; 4) deceptive communication; 5 ...
The foundation of the uncertainty reduction theory stems from the information theory, originated by Claude E. Shannon and Warren Weaver. [2] Shannon and Weaver suggests, when people interact initially, uncertainties exist especially when the probability for alternatives in a situation is high and the probability of them occurring is equally high. [6]
The numbers in parentheses apply to the numeral left of themselves, and are not part of that number, but part of a notation of uncertainty. They apply to the least significant digits . For instance, 1.007 94 (7) stands for 1.007 94 ± 0.000 07 , while 1.007 94 (72) stands for 1.007 94 ± 0.000 72 . [ 20 ]
Gatekeeping is a process by which information is filtered to the public by the media. According to Pamela Shoemaker and Tim Vos, gatekeeping is the "process of culling and crafting countless bits of information into the limited number of messages that reach people every day, and it is the center of the media's role in modern public life.
Blair, Bruce (2003), The Logic of Intelligence Hype and Blindness (PDF), Center for Defense Information Wozny, Jennifer L. (2005), Optimizing Communication Between Decisionmakers And Intelligence Analysts: Stopping "Slam Dunks" And Avoiding "Dead Wrongs" ( PDF ) , Mercyhurst College Institute for Intelligence Studies