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The first chips that could be considered microprocessors were designed and manufactured in the late 1960s and early 1970s, including the MP944 used in the Grumman F-14 CADC. [1] Intel's 4004 of 1971 is widely regarded as the first commercial microprocessor. [2]
The Intel 4004 is a 4-bit central processing unit (CPU) released by Intel Corporation in 1971. Sold for US$60 (equivalent to $450 in 2023 [2]), it was the first commercially produced microprocessor, [3] and the first in a long line of Intel CPUs.
The MP944 chipset used in the F-14 Central Air Data Computer in 1970 has also been cited as an early microprocessor, but was not known to the public until declassified in 1998. Other embedded uses of 4-bit and 8-bit microprocessors, such as terminals , printers , various kinds of automation etc., followed soon after.
The earliest multi-chip microprocessors were the Four-Phase Systems AL1 in 1969 and Garrett AiResearch MP944 in 1970, each using several MOS LSI chips. [33] On November 15, 1971, Intel released the world's first single-chip microprocessor, the 4004 , on a single MOS LSI chip.
Using a locally produced microprocessor based on the design of the Intel 4004. First built in 1972, a small number shipped in early 1973. [22] [23] Micral N: Intel 8008 [24] 1973: Awarded the title of "the first personal computer using a microprocessor" by a panel at the Computer History Museum in 1986. [25] Seiko 7000 Intel 8080: 1974
The Altair 8800 is a microcomputer designed in 1974 by MITS and based on the Intel 8080 CPU. [2] Interest grew quickly after it was featured on the cover of the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics [3] and was sold by mail order through advertisements there, in Radio-Electronics, and in other hobbyist magazines.
Gary Arlen Kildall (/ ˈ k ɪ l d ˌ ɔː l /; May 19, 1942 – July 11, 1994) was an American computer scientist and microcomputer entrepreneur. During the 1970s, Kildall created the CP/M operating system among other operating systems and programming tools, [5] and subsequently founded Digital Research, Inc. to market and sell his software products.
He was employed to implement the transistor-level logic of Intel's next microprocessor, which became the Intel 8080 (conception and architecture by Federico Faggin), released in 1974. [3] Shima then developed several Intel peripheral chips, some used in the IBM PC , such as the 8259 interrupt controller , 8255 parallel port chip, 8253 timer ...