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Stomiidae is a family of deep-sea ray-finned fish, including the barbeled dragonfishes.They are quite small, usually around 15 cm, up to 26 cm. These fish are apex predators and have enormous jaws filled with fang-like teeth. [1]
The largest species is the barbeled dragonfish Opostomias micripnus, widely found in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans and measuring about 50 cm (20 in) in adult length. These fish have a highly unusual and often almost nightmarish appearance. They all have teeth on the premaxilla and maxilla.
There are also the aforementioned differences of teeth, barbel, and black vs brown color. [11] Idiacanthidae have a snout equal or less than their bony orbit length with nostrils closer to their eyes than snout. Their premaxilla, maxilla, and mandible teeth are almost all capable of being depressed. [12]
Idiacanthus atlanticus, the black dragonfish, is a barbeled dragonfish of the family Stomiidae, found circumglobally in southern subtropical and temperate oceans between latitudes 25°S and 60°S, at depths down to 2,000 metres (6,600 ft).
Stomias boa, also known as the boa dragonfish, scaly dragonfish, dragon-boa or boa scaly dragonfish, is a species of deep-sea fish in the family Stomiidae. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 3 ] [ 7 ] It is found at great depths worldwide in tropical to temperate oceans but is absent from the northern Pacific and northwest Atlantic Oceans .
The large-eye snaggletooth is black in colour, up to 35 cm (14 in) in length. [8] It has 9–13 dorsal soft rays and 12–17 anal soft rays. It is identified by the lack of high arch in the photophores behind the anal base, presence of double postorbital organ and the clear separation of the dagger-like teeth in its upper jaw.
Eustomias schmidti, more commonly known as the scaleless dragonfish, is one of the many species included in the family of Stomiidae. Despite its small size, the scaleless dragonfish is a dangerous predator in the deep oceanic waters that uses its self-generated light to attract its prey.
It is sometimes called dragon-boa, dragonfish or boa dragonfish, [12] [13] but those names are equally applied to Stomias boa as a species, or the S. boa boa subspecies. In Icelandic it is marsnákur ("sea snake") and in Norwegian storkjeft ("big jaw").