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Strictures can form after esophageal surgery and other treatments such as laser therapy or photodynamic therapy. While the area heals, a scar forms, causing the tissue to pull and tighten, leading to difficulty in swallowing. [3]
An esophageal food bolus obstruction is a medical emergency caused by the obstruction of the esophagus by an ingested foreign body.. It is usually associated with diseases that may narrow the lumen of the esophagus, such as eosinophilic esophagitis, Schatzki rings, peptic strictures, webs, or cancers of the esophagus; rarely it can be seen in disorders of the movement of the esophagus, such as ...
Dysphagia is distinguished from other symptoms including odynophagia, which is defined as painful swallowing, [8] and globus, which is the sensation of a lump in the throat. A person can have dysphagia without odynophagia (dysfunction without pain), odynophagia without dysphagia (pain without dysfunction) or both together.
Nutcracker esophagus is characterized as a motility disorder of the esophagus, meaning that it is caused by abnormal movement, or peristalsis of the esophagus. [2] People with motility disorders present with two main symptoms: chest pain or difficulty with swallowing.
Upper endoscopy is used to evaluate for mechanical causes of obstruction. [2] Endoscopic findings may include a hiatal hernia, esophagitis, strictures, tumors, or masses. [ 2 ] Increased pressure at the LES over time may result in an epiphrenic diverticulum. [ 2 ]
This can cause crushing chest pain and may need immediate treatment with endoscopy, which is the use of a specialized fibre-optic camera in order to remove the lodged food. [4] After the obstruction is located, snares or forceps are inserted to pull the food out of the esophagus or to push it into the stomach. The latter is done with caution ...
Diffuse esophageal spasm (DES) is a motility disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of chest pain or dysphagia as well as nonpropulsive (tertiary) contractions on radiographs. [5] Nutcracker esophagus is characterized by high-amplitude peristaltic contractions that are frequently prolonged and cause dysphagia and chest pain. [6]
Often treatment for esophageal inlet patch is not necessary. However, when symptoms occur, treatment may consist of ablation. [1] Ablation may be performed with argon plasma coagulation or radiofrequency ablation. [1] When performed by an experienced physician, side effects from ablation appear to be negligible. [1]