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The sociology of immigration involves the sociological analysis of immigration, particularly with respect to race and ethnicity, social structure, and political policy. Important concepts include assimilation , enculturation , marginalization , multiculturalism , postcolonialism , transnationalism and social cohesion .
Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, [1] with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location (geographic region). The movement often occurs over long distances and from one country to another (external migration), but internal migration (within a single country) is the dominant form of human migration globally.
Migration is also frequently available as a specialisation within sociology, economics, and political science degree programmes. Diasporic identity and the history and consequences of human movement are also extensively explored in African American studies or Africana studies programmes.
Push and pull factors in migration according to Everett S. Lee (1917-2007) are categories that demographers use to analyze human migration from former areas to new host locations. Lee's model divides factors causing migrations into two groups of factors: push and pull.
Although migration is often accompanied by obstacles in the short term, such as unemployment, discrimination, and language barriers, numerous studies indicate that immigrant groups make significant progress over the long term in areas such as language acquisition, education, employment, and income. While policy measures can play a role ...
It is important to understand the reasons for both types of migration and the availability of the options. For example, in Armenia, everything is localized in the capital city Yerevan, thus, internal migration is from the villages and small cities to the biggest city of the country. The reason for the migration can be work or study.
The Interior Ministry in neighboring Germany, the key destination for many migrants, has cited an increasing trend in unauthorized migration related to Russia and Belarus.
Effects may vary due to factors like the migrants' age, education, reason for migration, [80] the strength of the economy, and how long ago the migration took place. [ 81 ] Low-skill immigration has been linked to greater income inequality in the native population, [ 82 ] [ 83 ] but overall immigration was found to account for a relatively ...