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The bill was so limiting that the number of immigrants coming to the U.S. between 1921 and 1922 decreased by nearly 500,000. [65] A complicated piece of legislation, it essentially gave preference to immigrants from Central, Northern, and Western Europe; limited the numbers from Eastern Europe and Southern Europe; and gave zero quotas to Asia.
The final phase of colonial immigration, from 1760 to 1820, became dominated by free settlers and was marked by a huge increase in British immigrants to North America and the United States in particular. In that period, 871,000 Europeans immigrated to the Americas, of which over 70% were British (including Irish in that category).
In the course of the late 1800s and early 1900s, many policies regarding immigration and naturalization were shifted in stages to a national level. Court rulings giving primacy to federal authority over immigration policy, and the Immigration Act of 1891.
One of his lesser known projects consisted of documenting immigrants coming through Ellis island. In 1901 Hine was a teacher at the Ethical Culture School in New York City.
Ellis Island was the gateway for over 20 million immigrants to the United States as the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station for over sixty years from 1892 until 1954. The island, in Upper New York Bay , was greatly expanded with land reclamation between 1892 and 1934.
Several other small waves of Cuban immigration to the U.S. occurred in the early 20th century (1900–59). Most settled in Florida and the northeast U.S. The majority of the 100,000 Cubans came for economic reasons due to (the Great Depression of 1929, volatile sugar prices, and migrant farm labor contracts).
The size of the Swedish-American community in 1865 is estimated at 25,000 people, a figure soon to be surpassed by the yearly Swedish immigration. By 1890, the U.S. census reported a Swedish-American population of nearly 800,000, with immigration peaking in 1869 and again in 1887. [ 43 ]
Due to its history the United States can be described as an immigration country. American immigration history can be viewed in four epochs: the colonial period, the mid-19th century, the start of the 20th century, and post-1965. Each period brought distinct national groups, races, and ethnicities to the United States.