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β-Aminobutyric acid (BABA) is an isomer of the amino acid aminobutyric acid with the chemical formula C 4 H 9 NO 2.It has two isomers, α-aminobutyric acid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in animals that is also found in plants, where it may play a role in signalling.
2-Aminoisobutyric acid (also known as α-aminoisobutyric acid, AIB, α-methylalanine, or 2-methylalanine) is the non-proteinogenic amino acid with the structural formula H 2 N-C(CH 3) 2-COOH. It is rare in nature, having been only found in meteorites, [ 2 ] and some antibiotics of fungal origin, such as alamethicin and some lantibiotics .
Venenivibrio stagnispumantis gains energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas.. In biochemistry, chemosynthesis is the biological conversion of one or more carbon-containing molecules (usually carbon dioxide or methane) and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic compounds (e.g., hydrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide) or ferrous ions as a source of energy, rather than sunlight, as in ...
Sodium phenoxide can also be produced by the "alkaline fusion" of benzenesulfonic acid, whereby the sulfonate groups are displaced by hydroxide: C 6 H 5 SO 3 Na + 2 NaOH → C 6 H 5 OH + Na 2 SO 3. This route once was the principal industrial route to phenol. [citation needed]
Standard acid catalysts are sulfuric acid or a mixture of BF 3 and HF. Although the use of acidic ionic liquids for the Koch reaction requires relatively high temperatures and pressures (8 MPa and 430 K in one 2006 study [ 9 ] ), acidic ionic solutions themselves can be reused with only a very slight decrease in yield, and the reactions can be ...
Isovaleric acid, also known as 3-methylbutanoic acid or β-methylbutyric acid, is a branched-chain alkyl carboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH 3) 2 CHCH 2 CO 2 H. It is classified as a short-chain fatty acid. Like other low-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, it has an unpleasant odor. The compound occurs naturally and can be found in ...
The Kolbe–Schmitt reaction or Kolbe process (named after Hermann Kolbe and Rudolf Schmitt) is a carboxylation chemical reaction that proceeds by treating phenol with sodium hydroxide to form sodium phenoxide, [1] then heating sodium phenoxide with carbon dioxide under pressure (100 atm, 125 °C), then treating the product with sulfuric acid.
A conjugate acid, within the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is a chemical compound formed when an acid gives a proton (H +) to a base—in other words, it is a base with a hydrogen ion added to it, as it loses a hydrogen ion in the reverse reaction.