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Sapling size trees average 2 mm (3 ⁄ 32 in) per year in diameter growth, increasing to 3 mm (1 ⁄ 8 in) per year as poles and sawtimber. Second-growth trees show growth rates of 5 mm (3 ⁄ 16 in) per year. Shellbark hickory occasionally grows to a height of 40 m (130 ft) and a diameter of 100 centimetres (39 in).
Carya ovata var. ovata (northern shagbark hickory) has its largest leaflets over 20 cm (8 in) long and nuts 3–4 cm (1 + 1 ⁄ 8 – 1 + 5 ⁄ 8 in) long. Carya ovata var. australis (southern shagbark hickory or Carolina hickory) has its largest leaflets under 20 cm (8 in) long and nuts 2–3 cm (3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 8 in) long.
The mean annual increment (MAI) or mean annual growth refers to the average growth per year a tree or stand of trees has exhibited/experienced up to a specified age. For example, a 20-year-old tree that has a stem volume of 0.2 m 3 has an MAI of 0.01 m 3 /year.
PAI may go negative if a tree loses volume due to damage or disease. Periodic annual increment is commonly used instead of current annual increment as a basis for computing growth per cent. Growth per cent indicates the rate of increase with relation to the wood capital required for its production, this is usually based on a single year's ...
Precipitation within the range of nutmeg hickory varies from 1,020 to 1,400 mm (40 to 55 in) per year, 510 mm (20 in) or more falling during the growing season. The frost-free period of most of the native range is about 240 days. Summers are warm and dry in the western portion of the range, but warm and wet in the South Carolina disjuncts.
Hickories were in the white oak, sweet birch (Betula lenta), and American beech (Fagus grandifolia) growth-rate category. Dominant-codominant hickory trees grew about 3 mm (0.12 in) dbh per year compared to 5 mm (0.20 in) for the moderate-growth species (black cherry) and 6 mm (0.24 in) for the faster-growing species (yellow-poplar and red oak).
Carya ovata (shagbark hickory) [58] Mature specimens can be identified by the peeling bark. It grows well in humid climates. This species and Carya glabra account for much of the supply of hickory wood in the US. Uses: timber; palatable food, pulpwood, sap resins. [59] All but FL
Carya cordiformis, the bitternut hickory, [2] also called bitternut, yellowbud hickory, or swamp hickory, is a large hickory species native to the eastern United States and adjacent Canada. Notable for its unique sulphur-yellow buds, it is one of the most widespread hickories and is the northernmost species of pecan hickory ( Carya sect ...