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  2. Solar coordinate systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_coordinate_systems

    The Stonyhurst heliographic coordinate system, developed at Stonyhurst College in the 1800s, has its origin (where longitude and latitude are both 0°) at the point where the solar equator intersects the central solar meridian as seen from Earth. Longitude in this system is therefore fixed for observers on Earth. [8] [5]

  3. Astronomical coordinate systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/.../Astronomical_coordinate_systems

    The galactic coordinate system uses the approximate plane of the Milky Way Galaxy as its fundamental plane. The Solar System is still the center of the coordinate system, and the zero point is defined as the direction towards the Galactic Center. Galactic latitude resembles the elevation above the galactic plane and galactic longitude ...

  4. Coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinate_system

    Another common coordinate system for the plane is the polar coordinate system. [7] A point is chosen as the pole and a ray from this point is taken as the polar axis. For a given angle θ, there is a single line through the pole whose angle with the polar axis is θ (measured counterclockwise from the axis to the line).

  5. Ecliptic coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecliptic_coordinate_system

    In astronomy, the ecliptic coordinate system is a celestial coordinate system commonly used for representing the apparent positions, orbits, and pole orientations [1] of Solar System objects. Because most planets (except Mercury ) and many small Solar System bodies have orbits with only slight inclinations to the ecliptic , using it as the ...

  6. Solar longitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_longitude

    Solar longitude, commonly abbreviated as Ls, is the ecliptic longitude of the Sun, i.e. the position of the Sun on the celestial sphere along the ecliptic. It is also an effective measure of the position of the Earth (or any other Sun-orbiting body) in its orbit around the Sun, [ 1 ] usually taken as zero at the moment of the vernal equinox . [ 2 ]

  7. Barycenter (astronomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barycenter_(astronomy)

    In astronomy, barycentric coordinates are non-rotating coordinates with the origin at the barycenter of two or more bodies. The International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) is a barycentric coordinate system centered on the Solar System 's barycenter.

  8. International Celestial Reference System and its realizations

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Celestial...

    A reference frame has been defined as "a catalogue of the adopted coordinates of a set of reference objects that serves to define, or realize, a particular coordinate frame". [7] A reference system is a broader concept, encompassing "the totality of procedures, models and constants that are required for the use of one or more reference frames ...

  9. Planetary coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary_coordinate_system

    A planetary coordinate system (also referred to as planetographic, planetodetic, or planetocentric) [1] [2] is a generalization of the geographic, geodetic, and the geocentric coordinate systems for planets other than Earth. Similar coordinate systems are defined for other solid celestial bodies, such as in the selenographic coordinates for the ...