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The principal subdivision of the thalamus into nucleus groups is the trisection of each thalamus (left and right) by a Y-shaped internal medullary lamina. This trisection divides each thalamus into anterior, medial and lateral groups of nuclei. [8] The medial group is subdivided into the medial dorsal nucleus and midline group.
The midbrain or mesencephalon is the uppermost portion of the brainstem connecting the diencephalon and cerebrum with the pons. [2] It consists of the cerebral peduncles , tegmentum , and tectum . It is functionally associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep and wakefulness, arousal ( alertness ), and temperature regulation.
The brainstem, resembling a stalk, attaches to and leaves the cerebrum at the start of the midbrain area. The brainstem includes the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. Behind the brainstem is the cerebellum (Latin: little brain). [7] The cerebrum, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord are covered by three membranes called meninges.
In the human brain the brainstem is composed of the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. [1] The midbrain is continuous with the thalamus of the diencephalon through the tentorial notch, and sometimes the diencephalon is included in the brainstem. [2] The brainstem is very small, making up around only 2.6 percent of the brain's total ...
The MMGN seems to functionally be responsible for detection of the relative intensity and duration of a sound. It shows a wide range of responses to auditory stimuli. Binaural interactions found in the MMGN include EE, EI, and IE types. Both broadly and narrowly tuned cells have been observed. A type of intensity tuning has also been observed.
Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main subregions: the telencephalon (the cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata, with the midbrain, pons and medulla often collectively called the brainstem. Each of these areas has a complex ...
The sense of balance or equilibrioception is the perception of balance and spatial orientation. [1] It helps prevent humans and nonhuman animals from falling over when standing or moving. Equilibrioception is the result of a number of sensory systems working together; the eyes ( visual system ), the inner ears ( vestibular system ), and the ...
Vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve 8) – hearing and balance; Glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve 9) – sensation from the throat, tonsils, part of the tongue, heart, and stomach. Also facilitates swallowing. Vagus nerve (cranial nerve 10) – output to the intestines and heart, taste information, deep/crude touch, pain, temperature of ...