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The Greenwood function correlates the position of the hair cells in the inner ear to the frequencies that stimulate their corresponding auditory neurons.Empirically derived in 1961 by Donald D. Greenwood, the relationship has shown to be constant throughout mammalian species when scaled to the appropriate cochlear spiral lengths and audible frequency ranges.
[4] [6] They are non-linear, level-dependent and the bandwidth decreases from the base to apex of the cochlea as the tuning on the basilar membrane changes from high to low frequency. [ 4 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The bandwidth of the auditory filter is called the critical bandwidth, as first suggested by Fletcher (1940) .
Toggle the table of contents ... The cochlea is the part of the inner ear ... not better in mammals than in most lizards and birds, but the upper frequency limit is ...
Harbour porpoises emit sounds at two bands, one at 2 kHz and one above 110 kHz. The cochlea in these dolphins is specialised to accommodate extreme high frequency sounds and is extremely narrow at the base. Type II cochlea are found primarily in offshore and open water species of whales, such as the bottlenose dolphin. The sounds produced by ...
The cochlea has three fluid-filled sections (i.e. the scala media, scala tympani and scala vestibuli), and supports a fluid wave driven by pressure across the basilar membrane separating two of the sections. Strikingly, one section, called the cochlear duct or scala media, contains endolymph. The organ of Corti is located in this duct on the ...
Humans have long cochleae, but the space devoted to each frequency range is quite large (2.5mm per octave), resulting in a comparatively reduced upper frequency limit. [2] The human cochlea has approximately 2.5 turns around the modiolus (the axis). [2]
This pressure wave travels along the BM of the cochlea until it reaches an area that corresponds to its maximum vibration frequency; this is then coded as pitch. [13] High frequency sounds stimulate neurons at the base of the structure and lower frequency sounds stimulate neurons at the apex. [13] This represents cochlear tonotopic organization.
The temporal theory of hearing, also called frequency theory or timing theory, states that human perception of sound depends on temporal patterns with which neurons respond to sound in the cochlea. Therefore, in this theory, the pitch of a pure tone is determined by the period of neuron firing patterns—either of single neurons, or groups as ...