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Elementary bosons responsible for the four fundamental forces of nature are called force particles (gauge bosons). The strong interaction is mediated by the gluon , the weak interaction is mediated by the W and Z bosons, electromagnetism by the photon, and gravity by the graviton, which is still hypothetical.
Among the 61 elementary particles embraced by the Standard Model number: electrons and other leptons, quarks, and the fundamental bosons. Subatomic particles such as protons or neutrons, which contain two or more elementary particles, are known as composite particles. Ordinary matter is composed of atoms, themselves once thought to be ...
Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.The field also studies combinations of elementary particles up to the scale of protons and neutrons, while the study of combination of protons and neutrons is called nuclear physics.
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles.
Hypothetical elementary particles (44 P) L. Leptons (2 C, 16 P) Q. Quarks (1 C, 22 P) Pages in category "Elementary particles"
[20] (Higher generations particles quickly decay into first-generation particles, and thus are not commonly encountered. [22]) This definition of ordinary matter is more subtle than it first appears. All the particles that make up ordinary matter (leptons and quarks) are elementary fermions, while all the force carriers are elementary bosons. [23]
There are elementary particles that spontaneously decay into less massive particles. An example is the muon, with a mean lifetime of 2.2 × 10 −6 seconds, which decays into an electron, a muon neutrino and an electron antineutrino.
According to the Standard Model of particle physics, a subatomic particle can be either a composite particle, which is composed of other particles (for example, a baryon, like a proton or a neutron, composed of three quarks; or a meson, composed of two quarks), or an elementary particle, which is not composed of other particles (for example ...