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The aftermath of the 1791 Haitian slave rebellion was decisive, resulting in the abolition of slavery in Saint-Domingue by 1793 and paving the way for Haiti's independence from France in 1804. This was the first successful formation of a nation led by former slaves.
Raynal's prediction came true on the night of 21 August 1791, when the slaves of Saint-Domingue rose in revolt; thousands of slaves attended a secret vodou ceremony as a tropical storm came in — the lightning and the thunder were taken as auspicious omens — and later that night, the slaves began to kill their masters and plunged the colony ...
These revolts included the incitation of a slave revolt that destroyed much of the northern plain of Saint-Domingue. Creole rebel forces eventually defeated the Bourbon royalists , but they soon lost control of the slave revolt as Spanish and British forces concurrently invaded the colony.
The French Revolution led to serious social upheavals on Saint-Domingue, of which the most important was the slave revolt that led to the abolition of slavery in 1793 by the civil commissioners Sonthonax and Polverel, in a decision endorsed and spread to all the French colonies by the National Convention 6 months later, including Haiti on August 29, 1793. [3]
In 1792, abolitionist Léger Félicité Sonthonax was sent to Saint-Domingue from France to maintain order. He was titled the de facto ruler of Saint Domingue from September 1792 to 1795. [14] Sonthonax also offered freedom to slaves who joined his army. [11] In September and October 1793, slaves were emancipated throughout Saint-Domingue.
Historian Laurent Dubois argues that colonial officials who prosecuted Le Jeune did so fearing Saint-Domingue's slaves would revolt unless Le Jeune was punished. [4] Historian Philippe Girard concludes that the Le Jeune case represented the "first steps of a revolutionary process that eventually culminated with the slave revolt," [ 3 ...
In a couple of weeks, the number of slaves participating in the rebellion was over 100,000. By 1792, a third of Saint-Domingue was under the control of the rebels, and France was ready to quell the rebellion. [9] The maroons of Haiti military style and role in the indigenous army are similar to the Mountain Troops of France and the Swiss army ...
The 1521 Santo Domingo Slave Revolt in the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo on the island of Hispaniola took place around the time of Christmas festivities in 1521. It is the earliest recorded slave rebellion in the Americas. [ 1 ]