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Several different five-bit codes were used for early punched tape systems.. Five bits per character only allows for 32 different characters, so many of the five-bit codes used two sets of characters per value referred to as FIGS (figures) and LTRS (letters), and reserved two characters to switch between these sets.
Other 4-to-5-bit codes have been used for magnetic recording and are known as group coded recording (GCR), but those are (0,2) run-length limited codes, with at most two consecutive zeros. 4B5B allows up to three consecutive zeros (a (0,3) RLL code), providing a greater variety of control codes. On optical fiber, the 4B5B output is NRZI-encoded.
The column ISO 8859-1 shows how the file signature appears when interpreted as text in the common ISO 8859-1 encoding, with unprintable characters represented as the control code abbreviation or symbol, or codepage 1252 character where available, or a box otherwise. In some cases the space character is shown as ␠.
Baudot developed his first multiplexed telegraph in 1872 [2] [3] and patented it in 1874. [3] [4] In 1876, he changed from a six-bit code to a five-bit code, [3] as suggested by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber in 1834, [2] [5] with equal on and off intervals, which allowed for transmission of the Roman alphabet, and included punctuation and control signals.
A two-out-of-five code is a constant-weight code that provides exactly ten possible combinations of two bits, and is thus used for representing the decimal digits using five bits. [1] Each bit is assigned a weight, such that the set bits sum to the desired value, with an exception for zero. According to Federal Standard 1037C: each decimal ...
A two-out-of-five code is an encoding scheme which uses five bits consisting of exactly three 0s and two 1s. This provides () = possible combinations, enough to represent the digits 0–9. This scheme can detect all single bit-errors, all odd numbered bit-errors and some even numbered bit-errors (for example the flipping of both 1-bits).
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A code space is the range of numerical values spanned by a coded character set. [9] [11] A code unit is the minimum bit combination that can represent a character in a character encoding (in computer science terms, it is the word size of the character encoding). [9] [11] For example