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Haplogroup V is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup. The clade is believed to have originated over 14,000 years ago in Southwestern Europe . [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
(b) Counts of haplogroups in table format. For populations details, see 1000 Genomes Project#Human genome samples. In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA. Haplogroups are used to represent the major branch points on the mitochondrial phylogenetic tree.
Primary visual cortex (V1) is also named striate cortex because of its striped appearance in the microscope. The extrastriate cortex encompasses multiple functional areas, including V3, V4, V5/MT, which is sensitive to motion, [1] or the extrastriate body area (EBA) used in the perception of human bodies. [2]
Human V1 is located on the medial side of the occipital lobe within the calcarine sulcus; the full extent of V1 often continues onto the occipital pole. V1 is often also called striate cortex because it can be identified by a large stripe of myelin, the stria of Gennari. Visually driven regions outside V1 are called extrastriate cortex.
The v3 brand is used by Vision III Imaging, Inc. to identify its parallax scanning technology. [2]The v3 optical and software tools were designed to capture and/or format three-dimensional depth information (parallax) in a manner that exploits certain human visual perceptual mechanisms when viewed on standard unaided displays.
Since the completion of the Human Genome Project advances in human population genetics and comparative genomics enabled further insight into genetic diversity. [7] The understanding about structural variations (insertions/deletions (), copy number variations (CNV), retroelements), single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and natural selection were being solidified.
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The search for the human equivalent of V4 led to the discovery of other areas that were stimulated by colour. The most significant was an area anterior in the ventral occipital lobe, subsequently named V4α. Further fMRI experiments found that V4α had a different function than V4, but worked cooperatively with it. [1]