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  2. Assumption of risk - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption_of_risk

    Assumption of risk is a defense, specifically an affirmative defense, in the law of torts, which bars or reduces a plaintiff's right to recovery against a negligent tortfeasor if the defendant can demonstrate that the plaintiff voluntarily and knowingly assumed the risks at issue inherent to the dangerous activity in which the plaintiff was participating at the time of their injury.

  3. Affirmative defense - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmative_defense

    An affirmative defense to a civil lawsuit or criminal charge is a fact or set of facts other than those alleged by the plaintiff or prosecutor which, if proven by the defendant, defeats or mitigates the legal consequences of the defendant's otherwise unlawful conduct.

  4. Premises liability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premises_liability

    Premises liability (known in some common law jurisdictions as occupiers' liability) is the liability that a landowner or occupier has for certain torts that occur on ...

  5. United States tort law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_tort_law

    Consent can be a defense to any intentional tort, although lack of consent is occasionally incorporated into the definition of an intentional tort, such as trespass to land. However, lack of consent is not always an essential element to establish a prima facie case in such situations. Therefore, it is properly treated as an affirmative defense.

  6. Texas Penal Code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas_Penal_Code

    The first codification of Texas criminal law was the Texas Penal Code of 1856. Prior to 1856, criminal law in Texas was governed by the common law, with the exception of a few penal statutes. [3] In 1854, the fifth Legislature passed an act requiring the Governor to appoint a commission to codify the civil and criminal laws of Texas.

  7. Defense (legal) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_(legal)

    In a civil proceeding or criminal prosecution under the common law or under statute, a defendant may raise a defense (or defence) [a] in an effort to avert civil liability or criminal conviction. A defense is put forward by a party to defeat a suit or action brought against the party, and may be based on legal grounds or on factual claims.

  8. Justification and excuse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justification_and_excuse

    A defense of justification is the product of society's determination that the actual existence of certain circumstances will operate to make proper and legal what otherwise would be criminal conduct. A defense of excuse, contrarily, does not make legal and proper conduct which ordinarily would result in criminal liability; instead, it openly ...

  9. Actual innocence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actual_innocence

    Arguably, even affirmative defenses such as "self-defense", insanity, or "mistake of fact" qualify as "actual innocence" claims because while in those cases the accused admits to both their identity as the actor and to the existence of the act ("actus reus"), they are claiming that the State cannot prove that they had the requisite mental state ...

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