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A high gradient (> 1.1 g/dL, >11 g/L) indicates the ascites is due to portal hypertension, either liver related or non-liver related, with approximately 97% accuracy. [2] This is due to increased hydrostatic pressure within the blood vessels of the hepatic portal system , which in turn forces water into the peritoneal cavity but leaves proteins ...
The proportion of AST to ALT in hepatocytes is about 2.5:1, but because AST is removed from serum by the liver sinusoidal cells twice as quickly (serum half-life t 1/2 = 18 hr) compared to ALT (t 1/2 = 36 hr), so the resulting serum levels of AST and ALT are about equal in healthy individuals, resulting in a normal AST/ALT ratio around 1.
Testosterone levels in males and females Total testosterone Stage Age range Male Female Values SI units Values SI units Infant: ... 1.0–8.3 pg/mL: 3.5–28.8 pmol/L ...
A low PaO 2 indicates that the patient's current minute ventilation (whether high or normal) is not enough to allow adequate oxygen diffusion into the blood. Therefore, the A–a gradient essentially demonstrates a high respiratory effort (low arterial PaCO 2) relative to the achieved level of oxygenation (arterial PaO 2). A high A–a gradient ...
For most substances presented, the optimal levels are the ones normally found in the population as well. More specifically, optimal levels are generally close to a central tendency of the values found in the population. However, usual and optimal levels may differ substantially, most notably among vitamins and blood lipids, so these tables give ...
Free Androgen Index (FAI) is a ratio used to determine abnormal androgen status in humans. The ratio is the total testosterone level divided by the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) level, and then multiplying by a constant, usually 100.
Elevated levels are sensitive for liver injury, meaning that they are likely to be present if there is injury. However, they may also be elevated in other conditions such as thyroid disorders, celiac disease , and muscle disorders.
Levels of estradiol in premenopausal women are highly variable throughout the menstrual cycle and reference ranges widely vary from source to source. [62] Estradiol levels are minimal and according to most laboratories range from 20 to 80 pg/mL during the early to mid follicular phase (or the first week of the menstrual cycle, also known as ...