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Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. [1] Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean.
The salt level is often taken as the soil salinity or the salinity of the irrigation water. Salt tolerance is of importance in irrigated lands in (semi)arid regions where the soil salinity problem can be extensive as a result of the salinization occurring here. It concerns hundreds of millions of hectares. [2]
For example, assuming irrigation water with a low salt concentration of 0.3 g/L (equal to 0.3 kg/m 3 corresponding to an electric conductivity of about 0.5 FdS/m) and a modest annual supply of irrigation water of 10,000 m 3 /ha (almost 3 mm/day) brings 3,000 kg salt/ha each year.
Biosaline agriculture is the production and growth of plants in saline rich groundwater and/or soil. [1] In water scarce locations, salinity poses a serious threat to agriculture due to its toxicity to most plants. [2] Abiotic stressors such as salinity, extreme temperatures, and drought make plant growth difficult in many climate regions. [2]
The main difference with the classification published by Richards in the USDA Agriculture Handbook No. 60, 1954 [4] is that the classes are narrower with steps of 2 dS/m instead of 4. Maas–Hoffman model fitted to a data set. In this example the crop has a salt tolerance (threshold) of ECe=7 dS/m beyond which the yield declines.
Establishing salt-tolerant plants can improve salt discharge rates and improve soil health. Improvements undertaken at a catchment scale bring many benefits, not the least of which is providing for increased agricultural and associated regional productivity – using water for production that otherwise would contribute to an environmental problem.
This may cause the following issues: rising water tables; increased storage of groundwater that may be used for irrigation, municipal, household, and drinking water by pumping from wells; waterlogging and drainage problems in villages, agricultural lands, and along roads - with mostly negative consequences. The increased level of the water ...
In irrigated agricultural land, waterlogging is often accompanied by soil salinity as waterlogged soils prevent leaching of the salts imported by the irrigation water. From a gardening point of view, waterlogging is the process whereby the soil hardens to the point where neither air nor water can soak through.