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Sican tumi, or ceremonial knife, Peru, 850–1500 CE. Metallurgy in pre-Columbian America is the extraction, purification and alloying of metals and metal crafting by Indigenous peoples of the Americas prior to European contact in the late 15th century.
Copper bells, axe heads and ornaments from various parts of Chiapas (1200–1500) on display at the Regional Museum in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas.. The emergence of metallurgy in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica occurred relatively late in the region's history, with distinctive works of metal apparent in West Mexico by roughly 800 CE, and perhaps as early as 600 CE. [1]
Native copper nugget from glacial drift, Ontonagon County, Michigan. An example of the raw material worked by the people of the Old Copper Complex. The Old Copper complex or Old Copper culture is an archaeological culture from the Archaic period of North America's Great Lakes region. Artifacts from some of these sites have been dated from 6500 ...
The Old Copper Complex in North America has been radiometrically dated to 9500 BP—i.e., about 7480 BCE—making it one of the oldest known examples of copper extraction in the world. [2] The earliest evidence of the cold-hammering of native copper comes from the excavation at Çayönü Tepesi in eastern Anatolia , which dates between 7200 to ...
[7] [9] The Minong Copper Company continued work until June 1883, when they suspended mining operations, due in part to the low price of copper. [7] [9] A few individuals continued mining operations for another two years or so, but by 1885 all activity had ceased. [7] In the ten years between 1875 and 1885, Minong Mine produced 249 tons of ...
Gold-copper ore, concentrated and leached 16 (2018) [6] 16 Lisbon Valley San Juan County, Utah: Lisbon Valley Mining Company Copper ore, open pit, heap leached 10–15 (2018) [9] 17 Miami: Gila County, Arizona: Freeport-McMoRan: Copper ore, leached 5 (2021) [2] 18 Carlota Gila County, Arizona: KGHM Polska Miedź: Porphyry copper open pit ...
Many copper mines have existed in the Copper Country of the U.S. state of Michigan. These include both large-scale commercial ventures and small operations. There are hundreds of ancient mining pits in and around the Copper Country area, especially on Isle Royale (several of these were developed).
In North America, copper mining began with marginal workings by Native Americans. Native copper is known to have been extracted from sites on Isle Royale with primitive stone tools between 800 and 1600. [12] Copper metallurgy was flourishing in South America, particularly in Peru around 1000 AD; it proceeded at a much slower rate on other ...