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In 3G, the most prevalent technology was UMTS with CDMA-2000 in close contention. All radio access technologies have to solve the same problems: to divide the finite RF spectrum among multiple users as efficiently as possible. GSM uses TDMA and FDMA for user and cell separation. UMTS, IS-95 and CDMA-2000 use CDMA. WiMAX and LTE use OFDM.
In telecommunications, long-term evolution (LTE) is a standard for wireless broadband communication for cellular mobile devices and data terminals. It is considered to be a "transitional" 4G technology, [1] and is therefore also referred to as 3.95G as a step above 3G. [2] LTE is based on the 2G GSM/EDGE and 3G UMTS/HSPA standards. It improves ...
Operator Technology Countries Aliv: UMTS, HSPA, HSPA+, DC-HSPA+, LTE, LTE-A Bahamas Altice Dominicana S.A. GSM, UMTS, LTE Dominican Republic bmobile (): GSM, GPRS ...
The GSM standard does not include the 3G Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), code-division multiple access (CDMA) technology, nor the 4G LTE orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA) technology standards issued by the 3GPP. [18] GSM, for the first time, set a common standard for Europe for wireless networks.
Unlike W-CDMA, it does not need separate frequency bands for up- and downstream, allowing deployment in tight frequency bands. [18] TD-CDMA is a part of IMT-2000, defined as IMT-TD Time-Division (IMT CDMA TDD), and is one of the three UMTS air interfaces (UTRAs), as standardized by the 3GPP in UTRA-TDD HCR.
CDMA frequency bands or frequency ranges are the cellular frequencies designated by the ITU for ... GSM frequency bands; UMTS frequency bands; LTE frequency bands; 5G ...
CDMA is analogous to the last example where people speaking the same language can understand each other, but other languages are perceived as noise and rejected. Similarly, in radio CDMA, each group of users is given a shared code. Many codes occupy the same channel, but only users associated with a particular code can communicate.
This is a list of commercial Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks in Asia, ... CDMA 2000 - 10 MHz, GSM - - 3,8 MHz, CDMA 2000 - - 4x4 MIMO (Dec 2017) 20 MHz