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The BM-21 "Grad" (Russian: БМ-21 "Град", lit. 'hailstorm') is a self-propelled 122 mm multiple rocket launcher designed in the Soviet Union. [11] The system and the M-21OF rocket [12] were first developed in the early 1960s, and saw their first combat use in March 1969 during the Sino-Soviet border conflict. [13]
The RM-70 (Raketomet vzor 1970) multiple rocket launcher is a Czechoslovak Army version and heavier variant of the BM-21 Grad multiple rocket launcher, providing enhanced performance over its parent area-saturation rocket artillery system that was introduced in 1971 [2] (the NATO designation is M1972).
BM-21: Total 150 launchers (as of 2016) [224] Soviet Union India: Status: In service (All 150 units to be replaced by Pinaka Mark 1 MBRL). BM-21 is a 122 mm multiple rocket launch system. Upgraded locally and firing range extended up to 40 km by DRDO. [225] 5 regiments active as of 2024. [218] Smerch 9K58 MBRL: 42 launchers (as of 2024) India ...
Most likely it was influenced by the BM-21 Grad 122 mm multiple rocket launcher (MRL) system which entered service with the Soviet Army in 1963 also utilizing a six-by-six truck chassis fitted with a bank of 40 122mm launch tubes arranged in a rectangular shape that can be turned away from the unprotected cabin.
WR-40 Langusta is a Polish self-propelled multiple rocket launcher developed by Centrum Produkcji Wojskowej HSW SA. The first 32 units of the WR-40 entered service in 2010. The Langusta (crawfish) is based on a deeply modernized and re-worked Soviet cold-war era BM-21 launcher.
Rocket artillery. Katyusha rocket launcher (BM-8, BM-13, BM-31) BM-14; BM-21 Grad; BM-24; 2K6 Luna; 9K52 Luna-M; 9K57 Uragan 220 mm multiple rocket launcher; 9K58 Smerch 300 mm multiple rocket launcher; 9K59 Prima 122 mm multiple rocket launcher [12] TOS-1 220mm multiple rocket launcher
Danish PULS-lauchner with EXTRA type missile pods. It can be configured to carry a variety of rockets in two sealed pod containers: 36 (2 pods × 18 rockets each) 122mm Grad rockets; or 26 (2×13) 160mm LAR-160 or ACCULAR rockets; or eight (2×4) 306mm EXTRA rockets; two (2×1) 330mm Delilah missiles or four (2×2) 370mm Predator Hawk tactical ballistic missiles.
In the early 1970s, the Soviet Union had a clear advantage over U.S. and NATO forces in terms of rocket artillery. Soviet doctrine dictated large-scale bombardment of a target area with large numbers of truck-mounted multiple rocket launchers (MRLs), such as the BM-21 "Grad". [9]