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Computer simulations of a broad range of models of selection and demography indicate this hypothesis cannot account for the higher proportion of Neanderthal ancestry in East Asians than in Europeans. Instead, complex demographic scenarios, likely involving multiple pulses of Neanderthal admixture, are required to explain the data."
Svante Pääbo, Nobel Prize laureate and one of the researchers who published the first sequence of the Neanderthal genome.. On 7 May 2010, following the genome sequencing of three Vindija Neanderthals, a draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome was published and revealed that Neanderthals shared more alleles with Eurasian populations (e.g. French, Han Chinese, and Papua New Guinean) than with ...
Homo (from Latin homō 'human') is a genus of great ape (family Hominidae) that emerged from the genus Australopithecus and encompasses only a single extant species, Homo sapiens (modern humans), along with a number of extinct species (collectively called archaic humans) classified as either ancestral or closely related to modern humans; these include Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis.
Most humans alive today can trace a very small percentage of their DNA to Neanderthals. However, Neanderthal DNA is slightly more abundant in the genomes of certain populations.
Neanderthals and Denisovans are more closely related to each other than they are to modern humans, meaning the Neanderthal/Denisovan split occurred after their split with modern humans. [ 14 ] [ 92 ] [ 138 ] [ 158 ] Assuming a mutation rate of 1 × 10 −9 or 0.5 × 10 −9 per base pair (bp) per year, the Neanderthal/Denisovan split occurred ...
[69] [70] In 2015, the 40,000 year old modern human Oase 1 was found to have had 6–9% (point estimate 7.3%) Neanderthal DNA, indicating a Neanderthal ancestor up to four to six generations earlier, but this hybrid Romanian population does not appear to have made a substantial contribution to the genomes of later Europeans.
Slimak determined that this particular Neanderthal lived 42,000 years ago, towards the end of that species’ time on this planet. As such, he named the Neanderthal Thorin after the Tolkien character.
Due to natural selection, the percentage of Neanderthal DNA in ancient Europeans gradually decreased over time. From 45,000 BP to 7,000 BP, the percentage dropped from around 3–6% to 2%. [13] The removal of Neanderthal-derived alleles occurred more frequently around genes than other parts of the genome. [13]