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Chinese immigration to America in the 19th century is commonly referred to as the first wave of Chinese Americans, and are mainly Cantonese and Taishanese speaking people. About half or more of the Chinese ethnic people in the United States in the 1980s had roots in Taishan , Guangdong, a city in southern China near the major city of Guangzhou.
Another major concern of European Americans in relation to Chinatowns was the smoking of opium, even though the practice of smoking opium in America long predated Chinese immigration to the United States. [119] Tariff acts of 1832 established opium regulation, and in 1842 opium was taxed at seventy-five cents per pound. [120]
Waves of Chinese emigration have happened throughout history. They include the emigration to Southeast Asia beginning from the 10th century during the Tang dynasty, to the Americas during the 19th century, particularly during the California gold rush in the mid-1800s; general emigration initially around the early to mid 20th century which was mainly caused by corruption, starvation, and war ...
Ethnic Chinese immigration to the United States since 1965 has been aided by the fact that the United States maintains separate quotas for Mainland China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. During the late 1960s and early and mid-1970s, Chinese immigration into the United States came almost exclusively from Taiwan creating the Taiwanese American subgroup.
[1] Thus began the first and longest era of immigration that lasted until the American Revolution in 1775. Settlements grew from initial English toeholds from the New World to British America. It brought Northern European immigrants, primarily of British, German, and Dutch extraction.
He argued labor patterns in Chinese immigrants that put them in a large amount of debt was a form of debt bondage. [5] The historiography of Chinese immigrants in the gold rush in California has since evolved to acknowledge immigration was voluntary, but the position that their labor was unfree is still strongly held by orthodox scholars.
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Lai, Him Mark. "Chinese American Studies: A Historical Survey". Chinese America: History and Perspectives. 1995: 11–29. Lee, Erika, "Orientalisms in the Americas: A Hemispheric Approach to Asian American History," Journal of Asian American Studies vol 8#3 (2005) pp 235–256. Notes that 30–40% of the Chinese and Japanese immigrants before ...