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Zolpidem tartrate, a common but potent sedative–hypnotic drug.Used for severe insomnia. Hypnotic (from Greek Hypnos, sleep [1]), or soporific drugs, commonly known as sleeping pills, are a class of (and umbrella term for) psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep [2] (or surgical anesthesia [note 1]) and to treat insomnia (sleeplessness).
Long-term use of sedative-hypnotics for insomnia lacks an evidence base and is discouraged for reasons that include concerns about such potential adverse drug effects as cognitive impairment (anterograde amnesia), daytime sedation, motor incoordination, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents and falls. In addition, the effectiveness and ...
Sedatives and hypnotics should be avoided in people with dementia, [24] according to the medication appropriateness tool for co‐morbid health conditions in dementia criteria. [25] The use of these medications can further impede cognitive function for people with dementia, who are also more sensitive to side effects of medications. [citation ...
Their effects range from moderate sedation to total anesthesia according to the doses indicated. Due to the significant adverse effects (i.e. hallucination , agitation , confusion and hangover) and higher risk of overdose, barbiturates are now mostly replaced by benzodiazepine receptor agonists or other somnifacients in clinical practice for ...
The inhibitory effect of the available GABA is potentiated, leading to sedative and anxiolytic effects. For instance, those ligands with high activity at the α 1 are associated with stronger hypnotic effects, whereas those with higher affinity for GABA A receptors containing α 2 and/or α 3 subunits have good anti-anxiety activity. [178]
Long-term use of sedative-hypnotics for insomnia lacks an evidence base and has traditionally been discouraged for reasons that include concerns about such potential adverse drug effects as cognitive impairment, anterograde amnesia, daytime sedation, motor incoordination, and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents and falls. [21]
Nitrazepam, sold under the brand name Mogadon among others, [2] [3] is a hypnotic drug of the benzodiazepine class used for short-term relief from severe, disabling anxiety and insomnia. [4] It also has sedative (calming) properties, [5] as well as amnestic (inducing forgetfulness), anticonvulsant, and skeletal muscle relaxant effects.
Sedative drugs and sleeping pills, including chlordiazepoxide, have been associated with an increased risk of death. [14] The studies had many limitations, such as possible tendency to overestimate risk, possible confounding by indication with other risk factors and confusing hypnotics with drugs having other indications.
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